Nội dung ôn tập kiến thức môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8

Nội dung text: Nội dung ôn tập kiến thức môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8

1. NỘI DUNG ƠN TẬP KIẾN THỨC TRONG ĐỢT NGHỈ HỌC TẠM THỜI MƠN: TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 UNIT 7: POLLUTION I. Vocabulary Word Type Pronunciation Meaning affect (v) /əˈfekt/ làm ảnh hưởng algea (n) /ˈỉldʒiː/ tảo aquatic (adj) /əˈkwỉtɪk/ dưới nước billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cáo ngồi trờ blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/ huyết áp cause (n,v) /kɔːz/ nguyên nhân, gây ra cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/ bệnh tả come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ ra contaminate (v) /kənˈtỉmɪneɪt/ làm bẩn contaminant (n) /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/ chất gây bẩn dump (v) /dʌmp/ vứt, bỏ earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/ cái nút tai effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/ kết quả fine (v) /faɪn/ phạt tiền float (v) /f əʊt/ nổi groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/ nước ngầm hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ mất thính lực illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/ rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon ), vứt rác measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/ đo non-point source (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs ơ nhiễm khơng pollution pəˈluːʃn/ nguồn (nguồn phân tán) permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/ vĩnh viễn point source (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/ ơ nhiễm cĩ pollution nguồn poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/ chất độc, làm nhiễm độc pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/ chất gây ơ nhiễm radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/ thuộc về phĩng xạ radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ phĩng xạ thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/ thuộc về nhiệt untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/ khơng được xử lý visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/ thuộc về thị giác II. Phonetic: Trọng âm với các từ cĩ hậu tố -ic & -al 1. Khi ta them hậu tố -ic vào sau danh từ (để tạo thành tính từ) thì trọng âm sẽ rơi vào âm trước hậu tố đĩ Ex: e’conomy (n) -> eco’nomic (a); ‘history -> his’toric ; ‘symbol -> sym’bolic ‘fantast -> fan’tastic; ‘science -> scien’tific; ‘energy -> ener’getic 2. Khi ta thêm hậu tố -al vào sau danh từ (để tạo thành tính từ) thì trọng âm của từ khơng thay đổi.
2. Ex: ‘music -> ‘musical; ‘practice -> ‘practical; logic -> logical; classic -> classical III. Grammar: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) 1. Các cách dùng cơ bản (Usage) a. Loại 1: Diễn tả điều cĩ thật ở hiện tại: - Câu điều kiện loại 1 cịn cĩ thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại cĩ thể cĩ thật. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện cĩ thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả cĩ thể xảy ra. If + S + V (present simple), S + will + V (inf) Note: V + + or + S + will/ won’t + V + => Unless S + V + , S + will/ won’t + V + => If S don’t/ doesn’t + V, S + will/ won’t + V + Eg: Study hard or you will fail the exam. => Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam. => If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam. Ghi chú: - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải cĩ dấu phẩy (,) - Sau Unless khơng được dùng dạng phủ định b. Loại 2: Điều kiện khơng cĩ thật ở hiện tại: - Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả sự việc, hiện tượng khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. If + S + V (past simple), S + would + V (inf) *Note: Động từ “to be” phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngơi Eg: - If I were rich, I would travel around the world. - If I had money, I would buy the car. IV. Practice A. PHONETICS 1. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. paddy B. sand C. travel D. tribal 2. A. buffalo B. photo C. limestone D. Botanical 3. A. Jungle B. luggage C. sunbathe D. Sugar 4. A. around B. various C. sound D. Mountains 5. A. heritage B. giant C. garden D. village 1. Choose the words that have the different stress from the others. 1. A. definition B. electricity C. contaminate D. radiation 2. A. dramatic B. overhead C. century D. Groundwater 3. A. thermal B. beneath C. rubbish D. Earplug 4. A. affect B. billboard C. visual D. Substance 5. A. aquatic B. behavior C. pollution D. permanent B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 1. Choose the correct answers.(ĐL) 1. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, the rainforests are being destroyed. A. therefore B. since C. consequently D. so 2. Hemp can be used to make paper, it could reduce the need for logging. A. consequently B. due to C. so D. since 3. logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it. A. so B. Consequently C. Since D. Due to 4. Hemp was grown throughout history its versatility; it can be used to make many different things. A. due to B. because C. since D. as a result 5. Hemp is related to the marijuana plant; it is illegal in many countries. A. so B. due to C. as a result D. because 6. The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean; , the mass of fish died. A. because B. as C. because of D. consequently 7. It was guessed that the fish died a powerful toxin in the sea water. A. because of B. because C. since D. as a result 8. Many species in BC are threatened logging.
3. A. so B. because C. since D. due to 9. Smoking can heart disease. A. lead to B. create C. causes D. due to 10.Radioactive pollution is increasing the increased use of radioactivity. A. as B. since C. because of D. because 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1. (ĐL) 1. If people (pollute) the environment, a lot of animals (die) 2. If water (consist) germs, people (get) . ill. 3. If the poles (melt) ., huge landmasses (be) .under water. 4. Many precious animals (disappear) , if people (cut down) trees. 5. If nuclear waste (throw) away, it (be) very dangerous. 6. If the emission of CO2 (continue) at high rate, the climate (destroy) 7. We (save) .the trees If we (save) . paper. 8. If schools (teach) .about environmental problems, All students (know) .how to protect the environment. 9. If more people (travel) by bike or bus, we (not have) .traffic jam. 10. If the government (fine) . heavily to the factories, they (not dump) . sewage into the ocean. 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 2.(ĐL) 1. If I (be) . the president, I (pass) . Harder regulations for using fertilizers in agriculture. 2. If I (be) you, I (not eat) that genetically modified potatoes. 3. If big corporations (care) more about the environment and less about their own pockets, the pollution from factories (not increase) .so fast. 4. He (sort) his trash, if he (be) smart. 5. If the seas (pollute) , maybe the population of whales (recover) 6. If I (not throw) .this can of Coke into the bushes, I (not know) that Coke is poison for wild animals. 7. If the factories (not dump) untreated waste into the ocean, fish (die) massively. 8. What (do) you if you (be) President. 9. If the air (not be) dirty, the breathing problems (reduce) 10. If I (own) a lonely island, I (build) .a huge house by the beach. 4. Correct the verbs form to complete the sentences. 1. If you (go) ___ away, please write to me. 2. If he (eat) ___ another cake, he will be sick. 3. I (not do) ___ that if I (be) ___ you. 4. If he (take) ___ my advice, everything can go well. 5. He never does homework. If he (do) ___ his homework,he (not worry) ___about his exam. 6. What you (do) ___ if she refuses your invitation? 7. If today (be) ___ Sunday, we (go) ___ to the beach. 8. Unless they (pass) ___ their examinations, they would join the army. 9. You (be) ___ ill if you drink that water. 10.If Tom (go) ___ to bed earlier, he would not be so tired. 11.If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) ___ for a donkey ride. 12.If he (try) ___hard, he‟ll pass the examination. 13.I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) ___ more slowly. 14.If I (finish) ___ the work in time, I (go) ___ to the football game. 15.If you (see) ___ Mary today, please (ask) ___ her to call me. 5. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket. 1. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) ___? 2. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) ___ thick. 3. If the milkman (come) ___ , tell him to leave two pints. 4. I (call) ___ the office if I were you.
4. 5. Someone (sit) ___ on your glasses if you leave them there. 6. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) ___ so much. 7. What you (do) ___ if you hear the burglar alarm? 8. If you (read) ___the instructions carefully, you wouldn‟t have answered the wrong question. 9. If Mel (ask) ___ her teacher, he‟d have answered her questions. 10. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) ___ a long ladder. 11. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) ___ mad. 12. If you were made redundant, what you (do) ___ ? 13. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) ___out of petrol here. 14. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) ___ fit to drink. 15.If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) ___ you. 16. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) ___ with me. 17. You (not have) ___ so many accidents if you drove more slowly. 18. If you (wear) ___ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you. 19. If she (leave) ___ the fish here, the cat will eat it 20. You (have) ___ no trouble at school if you had done your homework. 6. Choose the correct answers 1. “Here‟s my phone number”. “Thanks. I‟ll give you a call if I ___ some help tomorrow” A.will need B. need C. would need D. needed 2. If I didn‟t work for an accounting firm, I ___ in a bank now. A.work B. will work C. have worked D. would work 3. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions ___ improved. A.was B. is C. were D. had been 4 The patient will not recover unless he ___ an operation. A. had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was undergoing 5. If she ___ him, she would be very happy. A. would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet 6. If I had enough money, I ___ abroad to improve my English. A. will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to 7. The bench would collapse if they ___ on it. A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands 8. If it ___ convenient, let‟s go out for a drink tonight. A. be B. is C. was D. were 7. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. People believe that the ___water has brought cancer to the local residents. (pollute) 2. Light pollution make us ___ to see the stars in the sky. (able) 3. Noise is considered as ___ pollution. (environment) 4. ___ habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (nature) 5. A number of cleaning products contain ___ chemicals. (harm) 6. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously ___with bacteria. (contaminate) 7. An ___ of agrochemicals is pesticides. (illustrate) 8. Contaminants are usually ___ to aquatic plants. (poison) 9. Walking alone late at night can be (danger) . (ĐL) 10. You must read the (instruct) carefully before you use the new oven. 11. We were taken aback at the (drama) changes in our village; each home owns a computer now. 12. It is always (interest) to watch the cubs at play. 13. My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose) of friends. 14. The (hot) makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class. 15. The couple came here at the special (invite) of the prime minister. C. READING 1. Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F).
5. Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes. 1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution. 2. Air pollution doesn‟t endanger people‟s health in some cities. 3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage. 4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities. 5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution. 6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only. 2. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D to fill in the blank space in the following passage. Light pollution is not (1) ___serious as water or air pollution. (2) ___, it is the type of pollution that (3) ___more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4) ___at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5) ___ to apply light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6) ___ to produce the power to light the sky. Eye strain, (7) ___ of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8) ___ light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see things properly. 1. A. as B. more C. much D. Only 2. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless 3. A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred 4. A. watch B. see C. spend D. gaze 5. A. waste B. wasteful C. wasting D. wastes 6. A. used B. using C. is used D. are used 7. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 8. A. Very much B. Too much C. Too many D. So many 3. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. (TEST) Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple things. First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it. Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth. Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and reusing. If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted. 1. Pollution is caused from the following sources except . A. water in rivers B. water from households C. wastes D. house chemicals 2. Recycling can help us . A. never cut down trees B. produce more paper products C. place garbage bins easily D. use products again and again 3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except . A. fully use the washing machine B. repair leaky faucets
6. C. take short showers instead of baths D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth 4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because . A. plants need to develop B. waste can be recycled and reused C. a person can do it in his home D. an average man produces compost for plants 5. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to . A. cutting down B. the number C. recycling D. effort C. WRITING 1. Combine the two sentences to complete the sentences. 1. John is very sad. He fails the final exam. (because) 2. My grandfather is very old. He is still young at heart. (although) 3. Tom gets a lot of money. He works hard. (because) 4. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising.The polar icecaps are melting. (because) (ĐL) 5. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of) . 6. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to) 7. In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become extinct. (so) 8. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to) . 2. Complete the sentences, using the words and phrases given. You can add some words and make changes. (ĐL) 1. People eat dirty food. They can be cancer. . 2. A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River. The river is polluted. 3. Farmers use polluted water to water their plants. People eat these plants, they become sick with diseases such as diarrhea, bacterial inflections even cancer. 4. Thermal pollution takes place. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans will increase or decrease suddenly. . 5. People live in radioactive pollution area. They can be skin cancer. UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
7. I. VOCABULARY Word Type Pronunciation Meaning Aborigines (n) /ˌỉbəˈrɪdʒəniz/ thổ dân châu Úc absolutely (adv) /ˈỉbsəluːtli / tuyệt đối, chắc chắn accent (n) /ˈỉksent/ giọng điệu awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ tuyệt vời cattle station (n) / ˈkỉtl ˈsteɪʃn/ trại gia súc ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/ ma haunt (v) /hɔːnt/ ám ảnh, ma ám icon (n) /ˈaɪkɒn/ biểu tượng kangaroo (n) /ˌkỉŋɡəˈruː/ chuột túi koala (n) /kəʊˈɑːlə/ gấu túi kilt (n) /kɪlt/ váy ca-rơ của đàn ơng Scot legend (n) /ˈledʒənd/ huyền thoại loch (n) /lɒk/ hồ (phương ngữ ở Scotland) official (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/ chính thống/ chính thức parade (n) /pəˈreɪd/ cuộc diễu hành puzzle (n) /ˈpʌzl/ trị chơi đố schedule (n) /ˈʃedjuːl/ lịch trình, thời gian biểu Scots/ Scottish (n) /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/ người Scotland state (n) /steɪt/ bang unique (adj) /juˈniːk/ độc đáo, riêng biệt II. PHONETIC: Với các từ cĩ kết thúc là -ese & -ee thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm cuối. Ex: train’ee Japan’ese, adop’tee, canton’ese III. Grammar. 1. Thì Hiện Tại Đơn (Simple Present): Cơng thức thì hiện tại đơn đối với động từ thường Tobe Verbs Khẳng định: S+ AM/IS/ARE + O Khẳng định:S + V_S/ES + O Phủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + Phủ định: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V(inf) O +O Nghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + O ? Nghi vấn: DO/DOES + S + V(inf) + O ? Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại đơn: Thì hiện tại đơn trong câu thường cĩ những từ sau: Every, always, often , usually, rarely , generally, frequently . Cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn: + Thì hiện tại đơn nĩi về một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý đúng. (Ex: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.) + Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thĩi quen , một hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại. (Ex:I get up early every morning.) + Để nĩi lên khả năng của một người (Ex : Tùng plays tennis very well.) + Thì hiện tại đơn cịn được dùng để nĩi về một thời gian biểu, chương trình, lịch trình trong tương lai (EX:The football match starts at 20 o’clock.) 2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous): Cơng thức thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: Khẳng định: S +am/ is/ are + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + am/ is/ are+ not + V_ing + O Nghi vấn:Am/is/are+S + V_ing+ O ?
8. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn trong câu thường cĩ những cụm từ sau: At present, at the moment, now, right now, at, look, listen. Cách dùng: + Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài trong hiện tại. (EX: She is going to school at the moment.) + Dùng để đề nghị, cảnh báo, mệnh lệnh. (Ex: Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the bedroom.) + Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai theo kế hoạch đã định trước (Ex: I am flying to Moscow tomorrow.) + Diễn tả sự khơng hài lịng hoặc phàn nàn về việc gì đĩ khi trong câu cĩ “always”. (Ex: She is always coming late.) Lưu ý: Khơng dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhận thức như : to be, see, hear,feel, realize, seem, remember, forget, understand, know, like , want , glance, think, smell, love, hate (Ex: He wants to go for a cinema at the moment.) 3. Thì hiện tại hồn thành (Present Perfect): Cơng thức Khẳng định:S + have/ has + V3/ED+ O Phủ định:S + have/ has+ NOT + V3/ED+ O Nghi vấn:Have/ has + S+ V3/ED+ O ? Dấu hiệu : Trong thì hiện tại đơn thường cĩ những từ sau: Already, not yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently, before, this is the first time, so far, lately, Cách dùng: + Nĩi về một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, cĩ thể xảy ra trong tương lai. (EX: John have worked for this company since 2005.) + Nĩi về hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng khơng xác định được thời gian, và tập trung vào kết quả. (EX: I have met him several times) IV. PRACTICE A. PHONETICS 1. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. vanilla B. vacuum C. add D. facsimile 2. A. whiten B. fiber C. zipper D. conveyor 3. A. remove B. wrote C. mold D. cocoa 4. A. follow B. powder C. show D. borrow 5. A. wood B. thousand C. procedure D. hairdryer 2. Choose the words that have the different stress from the others. (LHT) 1. A. coffee B. Chinese C. payee D. trainee 2. A. referee B. guarantee C. Japanese D. jubilee 3. A. refugee B. committee C. absence D. Taiwanese 4. A. Viennese B. Chinese C. Burmese D. Maltese 5. A. engineer B. volunteer C. mountaineer D. reindeer B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 1. Choose the right word in brackets to fill in the blank. 1. Last night I watched the movie Romeo and Juliet. At last they killed ___ (together/ each other/ themselves/ them). 2. (What/ Do/ Would/ Will) ___ you like to come? – I‟d love to. 3. We must be there ___ (at/ before/ between/ after) 7.30 and 8.15. 4. When my grandmother was young, she used ___ (sing/ to sing/ sang/ sung) very well. 5. Don‟t go ___ (outside/ inside/ into/ away). It‟s too cold. 6. Our team played well ___ (too/ that/ so/ enough) to win the gold medal. 7. Don‟t let your child ___ (play/ to play/ playing/ plays) with matches. 8. How long will he ___ (must/ should/ have to/ has to) stay there? 9. Our team won the game because we played very ___ (good/ well). 10. I tried on the shoes and they fitted me ___ (perfect/ perfectly). 2. Complete the sentences with the appropriate present tense of the verbs in brackets. 1. Each of the 50 states an official state flower so far. (adopt)
9. 2. Since 1965, the maples tree with the leaves the most well-known Canadian symbol. (become) 3. At present, the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, D.C. to celebrate spring‟s arrival. (occur) 4. Maori recognized as an official language of New Zealand since the Maori Language Act of 1987. (be) 5. Canada made up of 10 provinces and 3 territories. (be) 6. Australia a range of different landscapes, including urban areas, mountain ranges, desert and rain forests. (have) 7. Annually, the National Eisteddfod festival of Wales place for eight days at the start of August. (take) 8. The Statue of Liberty ___ over 12 million immigrants entering the USA through New York Harbor since 1900. (welcome) 9. In Canada, New Year’s Day ___ a long tradition of celebration. (have) 10. First names ___ used more frequently in Australia than in other countries. (be) (LHT) 11. Recently, many places in New Zealand ___ called with two names – one English, one Maori. (be) 12. Maori people ___ the hongi – touching noses – to greet people they ___ safe and familiar with. (use-feel) 13. Since its beginning more than a century ago, the slouch hat ___ one of the most distinctive items of Australian clothing. (become) 3. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. ___ Charlie Chaplin was born in London, England. (legend) 2. In Canada, there are a lot of ___ from various countries. (refuge) 3. Lake Wanaka is a ___ scenery in New Zealand. (spectacle) 4. The Sydney Opera House is an ___ monument of Australia. (icon) 5. The ___ originates in Ireland and its associated islands. (Ireland) 6. The Canadians are native ___ of English. (speak) 7. English is an ___ language of France. (official) 8. Thuy ___ loves the koala in Australia. (absolute) 9. The violation of that company was ___ yesterday. (exposure) 10. Do storm water and the atmosphere bring non- point source ___ ? (pollution) B. READING 1. Read the passage and then answer the questions. In the world today there are 5,000 to 6,000 living languages, of which English is the most widely used. As a mother tongue, it ranks second only to Chinese, which is little used outside China. English is the most international of languages. It is used as the language of aviation, international sport and pop music. Sixty percent of the world‟s radio stations broadcast in English, and more than half of the world‟s scientific papers are printed in English. It is true that a great number of people are involved in the use of English. To people in Africa, Asia, and South America, English is an important foreign language to master. In most countries in the world, the English language is used as the language of business, commerce, and technology. English is now an effective medium of international communication. However, it is the written English which is not systematically phonetic, that causes difficulties to non-native speakers. 1. Which language is used as the language of aviation, international sport and pop music? . 2. Why is English an important foreign language used in many countries? . 3. What difficulties may learners of English be confronted with? Why? 4. Name three countries in which English is spoken as a first language. . 5. As a mother tongue, why does English rank second only to Chinese?
10. 2. Read the passage and then decide whether the sentences are True (T) or False (F). BTTN Environmental pollution is one of the impacts of human activities on the Earth. There are four types of pollution, namely, air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Most of the air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets. This can cause acid rain which damages water, soil, and plants. Air pollution also contributes to the greenhouse effect. Soil pollution is a result of dumping plastic or other waste in the ground and the over use of chemicals in growing crops. The long –term effects of soil pollution are contaminated vegetation and the decrease of soil fertility. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as oil and other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean or contaminated. Rubbish blockages in rivers can also cause pollution. The effects of water pollution include the destruction of rivers, lakes and the pollution of ground water, surface water and seawater. Noise pollution is caused by loud and annoying sounds of motor vehicles, railway, aircraft and jet engines, factory machinery and musical instruments. It can cause stress and psychological and health problems for humans such as increased heart rate and hearing damage. Environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem or threat that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible, not only for the sake of the environment, but also for the people that live in it. (Source: Adapted from Time and date) T F 1. Environmental pollution results from natural disasters 2. The greenhouse effect is a result of water pollution. 3. Water pollutants such as oil and other chemicals and rubbish blockages in river make water contaminated. 4. Noise pollution can increase heart rate and damage hearing. 5. Environmental pollution needs to be taken care to protect the environment and the people that live in it. 4. Read the following passage and choose the option (A, B, C or D) that best answers each of the questions below. BTTN Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are three main kinds of pollution. Air pollution can be caused by liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight. Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage from chemical tanks, oil spills and other chemicals which get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution when underground water becomes contaminated by coming into contact with the polluted soil. Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientist believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day. It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and some species of animals will become extinct. ( Adapted from BBC) 1. What is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Solutions to pollution. B. Environmental issues. C. Causes and effects of pollution.D. Environmental impacts.
11. 2. What kind of pollution is considered as the cause of the most death and - ? A. Air pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Soil pollution. D. None of the above. 3. What is NOT a cause of soil pollution? A. Chemicals. B. Exhaust fumes. C. Oil spills. D. Pesticides. 4. What kind of pollution may oil spills cause? A. Air pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Soil pollution. D. Both B and C are correct. 5. According to the agreement of scientist, what is NOT environmental effect causes by pollution? A. Global climate change. B. Intensity of weather effects. C. Animal extinction. D. Disappearance of the rainforests. D. WRITING 1. Reorder the words to make the sentences. 1. is/ but/ not/ Canberra/ the/, / is/ Australia/ capital/ of/ Sydney. 2. Maori/ native/ of/ New Zealand/ people/ the/ are/ the/ Island/ in/ North. 3. Washington D.C/ opens/ Museum/ a.m./ at Children‟s/ in/ 10.00/ National/ The. 4. monument/ San Francisco/ Bridge/ of/ The/ an/ iconic/ Gate/ is/ Golden. 5. its/ years/ language/ for/ considered/ Malaysia/ as/ has/ official/ English. 2. Choose the sentence (A, B, C or D) that is closest meaning to the root sentence or best combines the two given sentences. 1. I don’t have enough money, so I don’t buy seafood. A. If I have enough money, I will buy seafood. B. If I had enough money, I would buy seafood. C. If I didn’t have enough money, I didn’t buy seafood. D. If I didn’t have enough money, I would buy seafood. 2. I didn’t bring my umbrella so I got wet. A. I would not get wet if I bring my umbrella. B. If I brought my umbrella, I will not got wet. C. If I brought my umbrella, I would not get wet. D. If I brought my umbrella, I would not got wet. 3. I don’t live with my mother, so that I can’t take care of her. A. I can’t take care of my mother because of I don’t live with her. B. Since I don’t live with my mother, I can’t take care of her. C. Because not living with my mother so I can’t take care of her. D. Because not live with my mother, I can’t take care of her. 4. Nam is a more attractive story teller than Mai. A. Nam tells stories attractively than Mai does. B. Nam tells more attractive stories than Mai does. C. Mai tells more attractive stories than Nam does. D. Mai tells stories less attractively than Nam does. 5. Ronaldo plays better than anybody in the team. A. Ronaldo is good at playing in team. B. Ronaldo is the best player in the team. C. No one plays worse than Ronaldo in the team. D. Everybody plays better than Ronaldo in the team.