Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản

Nội dung text: Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản

1. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản CHUYÊN MỤC 1: Thì hiện tại đơn và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn Thì hiện tại đơn (simple present tense): là thì dùng để diễn đạt một hành động mang tính thường xuyên (regular action), theo thói quen (habitual action) hoặc hành động lặp đi lặp lại có tính qui luật, hoặc diễn tả chân lý sự thật hiển nhiên. Ví dụ: ➢ I walk to school every day. ( Tôi đi học hằng ngày) ➢ He often plays soccer. (Anh ấy thường xuyên chơi bóng đá) Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: được dùng để diễn tả những sự việc xảy ra ngay lúc chúng ta nói hay xung quanh thời điểm nói, và hành động chưa chấm dứt (còn tiếp tục diễn ra). Ví dụ: ➢ I am playing football with my friends . (Tôi đang chơi bóng đá với bạn của tôi.) Cấu trúc: Hiện Tại Đơn Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn Affirmative: S+V (s,es) S + am/is/are + V-ing She plays volleyball. I am reading a book now. Negative: S + do not/ does not + V-inf S + am/is/are + not + V-ing He doesn’t play badminton. I am not reading a book now. Interrogative: Do/ Does + S + V-inf? Am/is/are + S + V-ing? Do you play soccer? Are you reading any books now? Cách sử dụng: Hiện Tại Đơn Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn 1. Diễn tả một thói quen, hành động xảy ra thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại ở hiện tại. 1. Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra ở Ex: hiện tại. Ex: – She goes out every night. – The boys are playing soccer now. – What do you eat for breakfast every – What is he doing at the moment? morning? 2. Dùng theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh. Mia Phạm Page 1
2. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản – I go to school on foot. Ex: 2. Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển – Shhh! There is someone knocking. nhiên. – Keep silent! The students in the next Ex: room are having a test. – Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius. 3. Thì này còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra. (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI – John comes from America. GẦN) – He is a salesman. Ex: 3. Diễn tả một lịch trình có sẵn, thời khóa – She is coming to Vietnam tomorrow. biểu, chương trình. – They are moving tomorrow. Ex: The ship leaves Pearl Harbor at 11.50pm. 4. Dùng sau các cụm từ chỉ thời gian Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với when, as soon as và trong câu điều kiện loại các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, 1. see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, Ex: feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, belong to, believe, Với các – I will not believe it unless I see it for động từ này, ta thay bằng thì Hiện Tại Đơn. myself. Ex: – If they ask you, tell them you do not – I am so desperate now. know. – He wants to take a break at the moment. Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Hiện Tại Đơn Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn – Often, usually, frequently – Now – Always, constantly – Right now – Sometimes, occationally – At the moment – Seldom, rarely – At the present – Every day/ week/ month – Look! Listen! Spelling: Hiện Tại Đơn Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn – Ta thêm S để hình thành ngôi 3 số ít của – Nếu động từ cuối cùng là e đơn thì hầu hết các động từ. Nhưng ta thêm ES khi bỏ e này đi trước khi thêm ing. (trừ các động động từ có tận cùng là o, sh, s, ch, x, z. từ: to age (già đi), to dye (nhuộm), to singe Ex: She learns to swim. (cháy xém) và các động từ tận cùng là ee. Mia Phạm Page 2
3. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản Ex: blame => blaming – Nếu động từ tận cùng là y và đứng trước nó là một phụ âm, thì ta – Động từ tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm ở giữa đổi y thành i trước khi thêm es. 2 phụ âm thì nhân đôi phụ âm cuối lên rồi Ex: thêm ing. – She tries to learn Japenese. Ex: – She studies at Japan. Put => Putting Visit => Visitting – Nếu động từ tận cùng là ie thì đổi thành y rồi mới thêm ing. Ex: die => dying – Nếu động từ tận cùng là l mà trước nó là một nguyên âm đơn thì ta cũng nhân đôi l đó lên rồi thêm ing. Ex: level => levelling – Trường hợp ngoại lệ: Người Anh và người Mỹ có 2 cách thêm -ing khác nhau đối với ký tự cuối cùng “l” của động từ. Nếu là người Mỹ thì chỉ cần thêm -ing sau đó mà không cần biết dấu nhấn có nằm ở vần cuối hay không. còn nếu là người Anh thì họ sử dụng giống như quy tắc 3.2 nêu bên trên. Ex: travel => travelling(ở Mỹ dùng là: traveling) Một số động từ không có dạng V-ing Những động từ sau đây chỉ dùng ở dạng Đơn: • state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We are on holiday. • possession: belong, have Example: Sam has a cat. Mia Phạm Page 3
4. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản • senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He feels the cold. • feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loves pizza. • brain work: believe, know, think (nghĩ về), understand Example: I believe you. Những từ KHÔNG chia ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: 9. Suppose 1. Want 17. Hope 10. Remember 2. Like 18. Forget 11. Realize 3. Love 19. Hate 12. Understand 4. Prefer 20. Wish 13. Depend 5. Need 21. Mean 14. Seem 6. Believe 22. Lack 15. Know 7. Contain 23. Appear 16. Belong 8. Taste 24. Sound Bài tập của thì hiện tại đơn: 1. My mom always delicious meals. (make) 2. Charlie eggs. (not eat) 3. Susie .shopping every week. (go) 4. Minh and Hoa to work by bus every day? (go) 5. your parents with your decision? (agree) 6. Where he from? (come) 7. Where your father ? (work) 8. Jimmy usually the trees. (not water) 9. Who the washing in your house? (do) 10. They out once a month. (eat) Exercise 2: Mỗi câu sau chứa MỘT lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng. 1. I often gets up early to catch the bus to go to work. 2. She teach students in a local secondary school. 3. They doesn’t own a house. They still have to rent one to live. 4. Bui Tien Dung am a famous goalkeeper in the National Football Team. 7. What do your sister do? 8. John and Harry doesn’t go swimming in the lake. Mia Phạm Page 4
5. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 9. Liam speak Chinese very well. 10. How often does she goes shopping in the supermarket? 11. Our dogs aren’t eat bones. 12. Claire’s parents is very friendly and helpful. III. Chia từ trong ngoặc 1. It (be) a fact that smart phone (help) us a lot in our life. 2. I often (travel) to some of my favorite destinations every summer. 3. Our Math lesson usually (finish) .at 4.00 p.m. 4. The reason why Susan (not eat) .meat is that she (be) a vegetarian. 5. People in Ho Chi Minh City (be) very friendly and they (smile) a lot. 6. The flight (start) at 6 a.m every Thursday. 7. Peter (not study) very hard. He never gets high scores. 8. I like oranges and she (like) apples. 9. My mom and my sister (cook) .lunch everyday. 10. They (have) breakfast together every morning. Bài tập về hiện tại tiếp diễn Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc 1. Be careful! The car (go) so fast. 2. Listen! Someone (cry) in the next room. 3. Your brother (sit) next to the beautiful girl over there at present? 4. Now they (try) to pass the examination. 5. It’s 12 o’clock, and my parents (cook) lunch in the kitchen. 6. Keep silent! You (talk) so loudly. 7. I (not stay) at home at the moment. 8. Now she (lie) to her mother about her bad marks. 9. At present they (travel) to New York. 10. He (not work) in his office now. Exercise 2: Viết lại những câu sau dựa vào những từ cho sẵn. 1. My/ father/ water/ some plants/ the/ garden. 2. My/ mother/ clean/ floor/. 3. Mary/ have/ lunch/ her/ friends/ a/ restaurant. 4. They/ ask/ a/ man/ about/ the/ way/ the/ railway/ station. 5. My/ student/ draw/ a/ beautiful/ picture Exercise 3: Chia động từ “to be” ở dạng đúng 1. John and Mandy . cleaning the kitchen. 2. I . reading a book at the moment. Mia Phạm Page 5
6. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 3. It . raining. 4. We . singing a new song. 5. The children . watching TV. 6. My pets . sleeping now. 7. Aunt Helen . feeding the ducks. 8. Our friends . packing their rucksacks. 9. He . buying a magazine. 10. They . doing their homework. Exercise 4: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc. 1. He (not read) magazine at present. 2. I (look) for Christine. Do you know where she is? 3. It (get) dark. Shall I turn on the light? 4. They (stay) in Manchester with their friends. 5. They (build) .a new supermarket in the center of the town. 6. Have you got an umbrella? It (start) to rain. 7. You (make) a lot of noise. Can you be quieter? I am trying to concentrate. 8. Why are all those people here? What (happen) ? 9. Please don’t make so much noise. I (try) to work. 10. Let’s go out now. It (not rain) any more. 11. You can turn off the radio. I (not listen) to it. 12. Kate phoned me last night. She is on holiday in France. She (have) a great time and doesn’t want to come back. 13. I want to lose weight, so this week I (not eat) lunch. 14. Andrew has just started evening classes. He (learn) German. 15. Paul and Sally have an argument. They (speak) to each other. Bài tập phân biệt thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn Bài 1. Chia động từ dưới đây ở thì HTĐ hoặc HTTD 1. Where ___you (live)___? I (live)___in Hai Duong town. 2. What ___he (do) ___now? He (water)___flowers in the garden. 3. What ___she (do)___? She (be)___a teacher. 4. Where ___you (be) from? 5. At the moment, my sisters (play) ___ volleyball and my brother (play) ___soccer. 6. It is 9.00; my family (watch)___TV. 7. In the summer, I usually (go) ___ to the park with my friends, and in the spring, we (have) ___Tet Holiday; I (be) ___ happy because I always (visit) ___ my granparents. 8. ___your father (go)___to work by bus? 9. How ___your sister (go)___to school? 10. What time ___they (get up)___? Mia Phạm Page 6
7. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 11. What ___they (do)___in the winter? 12. Today, we (have)___English class. 13. Her favourite subject (be)___English. 14. Now, my brother (like)___eating bananas. 15. Look! Aman (call)___you. 16. Keep silent ! I (listen)___to the radio. 17. ___ you (play)___badminton now? 18. Everyday, my father (get up)___ at 5.00 a.m, but today, he (get up) ___ at 6.00 am. 19. Every morning , I (watch)___tv at 10.00, but today I (Listen) ___ to music at 10.00. 20. Everyday , I (go) ___to school by bike but today I go to school by motorbike. 21. Every morning, my father (have) ___a cup of coffe but today he (drink)___milk. 22. At the moment, I(read)___a book and my brother (watch)___ TV. 23. Hoa (live)___in Hanoi, and Ha (live)___in HCM City. 24. Hung and his friend (play)___badminton. 25. They usually (get up)___at 6.oo in the morning. 26. Ha never (go)___fishing in the winter but she always (do)___ it in the summer. 27. My teacher (tell)___Hoa about Math. 28. There (be)___ animals in the circus. 29. ___he (watch)___TV at 7.00 every morning? 30. What ___she (do) ___at 7.00 am? 31. How old ___she (be)? 32. How ___she (be)? 33. My children (Go)___to school by bike. 34. We (go)___to supermarket to buy some food. 35. Mr. Hien (go)___on business to Hanoi every month. 36. Ha (like)___coffee very much, but I (not like)___it. 37. She (like)___Tea, but she (not like)___coffee. 38. I (love)___ cats, but I (not love)___dogs. 39. Everyday ,I (go)___to school on foot, but today I (go)___to school by bike. 40. Who you ___(wait) for Nam? - No, I ___(wait) for Mr. Hai. 41. My sister (get)___ dressed and (brush)___her teeth herself at 6.30 everyday. 42. Mrs. Smith (not live)___in downtown. She (rent)___in an appartment in the suburb. 43. How ___your children (go)___to school everyday? 44. It's 9 o'clock in the morning. Lien (be)___in her room. She (listen) ___to music. 45. We___(play) soccer in the yard now. 46. My father (go)___ to work by bike. Sometimes he(walk)___. 47. ___You (live)___near a market? _ It (be)___noisy? Mia Phạm Page 7
8. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 48. Now I (do)___the cooking while Hoa (listen)___to music. 49. At the moment, Nam and his friends (go)___shopping at the mall. 50. In the autumn, I rarely (go)___sailing and (go)___to school. 51. I (write)___ a letter to my friend now. 52. At 12 a.m every day, I (have)___lunch and (go)___to bed. 53. On Monday, I (have)___ math and Art. 54. On Friday, I (have)___English. 55. At the moment, I (eat)___an orange, and My sisters (Play)___ Tennis. 56. ___her bag (be)? - No, they(not be)___. 57. What time ___your children (go)___ to school? 58. He (live)___in HCM City. 59. What time___your brother usually (get)___up? 60. My house (be)___in the city and it (be)___small. 61. Every morning , we (have)___breakfast at 7.00 am. 62. This (be)___a book and there (be)___pens. 63. Mr. Quang (live)___in the countryside. He (have)___a big garden. 64. John (not have)___Literature lesson on Friday. 65. What time ___you (start)___your class? 66. ___you (be) in class 12A3? 67. Mrs. Ha (learn)___in Hanoi, but she (not live)___ there. 68. My brother (not live)___in London; he (live)___ in Manchester. 69. Now Mr. Long (design) ___his dream house. 70. He (like)___APPLES, but he (not like)___bananas. 71. ___she (like)___apples? 72. Usually, I (have)___lunch at 12.00. -___you (have) ___lunch at 11.00? 73. He can (swim)___but I can't(swim)___. 74. At the moment, my sister (read)___ a comic book. 75. I (like)___ice-cream. 76. What ___Mr. Ha (live)___? 77. Monkeys can (climb)___ the tree. 78. Hang (go)___to the bookshop now because she (want) ___to buy some books. 79. We (go) ___to market and (buy)___some fruits. 80. Now, Lan (study)___English and Lien (listen)___to music. 81. Everynight , she (have)___dinner at 7.00 p.m. 82. Every year, I usually (go)___Vietnam. 83. In the summer, I sometimes (go)___swimming. 84. Every everning, my mother (like)___ watching television. 85. Lan (have)___breakfast and (go)___to school at 6.30 a.m. 86. We (not read)___after lunch. 87. Tom (be)___my friend. He (play)___sports everyday. 88. ___your students (play)___soccer every afternoon? 89. He (go)___to bed at 11.30 p.m. Mia Phạm Page 8
9. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 90. They (go)___home and (have)___lunch. 91. ___he (play)___sports? 92. He (teach)___English in a big school in town. 93. Everyday she (go)___to work by bike. 94. We usually (read)___books, (listen)___to music or (watch)___TV. 95. Sometimes, I (play)___badminton. 96. Ann (like)___her job very much. 97. ___your mother (walk)___to the market? 98. Look! They (run)___together. Bài 2. Bài tập hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn 1. Where's John? He ___(listen) to a new CD in his room. 2. Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London. You know it always ___ (rain) in England. 3. Jean ___(work) hard all day but she ___(not work) at the moment. 4. Look! That boy ___ (run) after the bus. He___(want) to catch it. 5. He ___(speak) German so well because he ___(come) from Germany. 6. Shh! The boss ___(come). We ___(meet) him in an hour and nothing is ready! 7. ___you usually ___(go) away for Christmas or___ you ___(stay) at home? 8. She ___(hold) some roses. They___(smell) lovely. 9. Oh no! Look! It ___(snow) again. It always___(snow) in this country. 10. Mary ___ (swim) very well, but she ___(not run) very fast. 11. ___ you ___(enjoy) this party? Yes, I ___(have) a great time! 12. Sorry I can't help you. I ___(not know) where she keeps her files. 13. What ___you___(do) next Saturday? Nothing special. I ___ (stay) at home. 14. I ___ (think) your new hat ___(look) nice on you. 15. I ___ (live) with my parents but right now I ___(stay) with some friends for a few days. 16. I can't talk on the phone now. I ___ (drive) home. 17. Where are the children? They ___ (lie) on the beach over there. 18. You never ___(listen) to a word I say! You ___always ___ (listen) to that mp3 player! 19. He ___ (not understand) what you ___ (talk) about. He's foreign. 20. How much ___your suitcase ___(weigh)? It ___ (look) really heavy. CHUYÊN MỤC 2: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN- HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH – QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH 2.1 Thì Quá Khứ Đơn CÔNG THỨC VÀ CÁCH DÙNG 1. Công thức Thì quá khứ đơn (Past simple) Ví dụ 1: She baked some cake. Khẳng định S + verb + -ed/ V2 Ví dụ 2: I went to sleep at 11p.m last night. (Tôi đi ngủ 11 tối qua) Phủ định S + did not + V0 Ví dụ 1: He didn’t go out with Mia Phạm Page 9
10. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản friends. Ví dụ 2: He didn’t play football last Sunday. (Anh ấy đã không chơi bóng đá vào chủ nhật tuần trước.) (Câu hỏi Yes/ No) Did + S + verb? Ví dụ: Did you eat out yesterday? Nghi vấn Ví dụ: Where did you buy this (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + verb? hat? 2. Cách dùng Thì quá khứ đơn (Past simple) Diễn tả các hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt Các trường hợp dùng thì quá khứ đơn cụ thể: Cách dùng Ví dụ Diễn đạt một hành động xảy Ví dụ 1: She visited his parents last weekend. (Cô ấy đến ra một, một vài lần hoặc thăm ba mẹ anh ấy vào cuối tuần trước) chưa bao giờ xảy ra trong Ví dụ 2: She went home last Friday (Cô ấy đã về nhà vào thứ quá khứ 6 vừa rồi) Ví dụ 1: She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails. (Cô ấy đã về nhà và bật máy tính Diễn đạt các hành động xảy và kiểm tra email.) ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ Ví dụ 2: She turned on her computer, read the message on Facebook and answered it. (Cô ấy đã mở máy tính, đọc tin nhắn facebook và trả lời tin nhắn) Ví dụ 1: When I was having breakfast, the phone Diễn đạt một hành động xen suddenly rang. (Khi tôi đi ăn sáng và điện thoại đột nhiên reo vào một hành động đang lên) diễn ra trong quá khứ Ví dụ 2: When I was cooking, my parents came. (Khi tôi đang nấu ăn, ba mẹ tôi đến) Ví dụ 1: If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nếu Dùng trong câu điều kiện tôi có 1 triệu đô, tôi sẽ mua oto) loại II Ví dụ 2: If I were you, I would do it. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc đó) Ngoài ra Thì QKD còn diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ Ex: When I was young, I often went fishing in this lake. (Khi tôi còn nhỏ, tôi thường đi câu cá ở cái hồ này) Dấu hiệu: Yesterday: ngày hôm qua Last (/ week/ month/ year/ night/ summer/ Monday ): tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm trước/ tối hôm trước/ mùa hè năm trước/ thứ 2 tuần trước. Ago (2 days ago, a year ago): cách đây In + thời gian trong quá khứ (in 1985 ): vào năm 1985 before Mia Phạm Page 10
11. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản Once upon a time: ngày xửa ngày xưa In the past: trong quá khứ Today, this morning, this afternoon: hôm nay, sáng nay, chiều nay Bài tập vận dụng: I.Chia thì và chuyển đổi các câu sang phủ định và nghi vấn 1/ A light ___ at the end of the road.(lit) -> -> 2/ The sheep ___ peacefully in the fields. (graze) -> -> 3/ He ___ a fire in the living room. (make) -> -> 4/ They ___ an Autumn fashion Show three months ago. (hold) -> -> 5/ I ___ my keys on the way home this afternoon.(lose) -> -> 6/ The Americans ___ Mr. Bush as President. (choose) -> -> 7/ We ___ home and ___ her asleep on the sofa. (go/find) -> -> 8/ She ___ over and ___ her leg. (fall/ break) Mia Phạm Page 11
12. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản -> -> II. Chia động từ trong ngoặc 1. My sister (get) ___ married last month. 2. Daisy (come) ___ to her grandparents’ house 3 days ago. 3. My computer (be ) ___ broken yesterday. 4. He (buy) ___ me a big teddy bear on my birthday last week. 5. My friend (give) ___ me a bar of chocolate when I (be) ___ at school yesterday. 6. My children (not do) ___ their homework last night. 7. You (live) ___ here five years ago? 8. They (watch) ___ TV late at night yesterday. 9. Your friend (be) ___ at your house last weekend? 10. They (not be) ___ excited about the film last night. IV. Hoàn thành câu 1. Yesterday, I (go)___ to the restaurant with a client. 2. We (drive) ___ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space. 3. When we (arrive) ___ at the restaurant, the place (be) ___ full. 4. The waitress (ask) ___ us if we (have) reservations. 5. I (say), "No, my secretary forgets to make them." 6. The waitress (tell)___ us to come back in two hours. 7. My client and I slowly (walk) ___ back to the car. 8. Then we (see) ___ a small grocery store. 9. We (stop) in the grocery store and (buy) ___ some sandwiches. 10. That (be) ___ better than waiting for two hours. 11. I (not go) ___ to school last Sunday. 12. She (get) ___ married last year? 13. What you (do) ___ last night? - I (do) ___ my homework. 14. I (love) ___ him but no more. 15. Yesterday, I (get) ___ up at 6 and (have) ___ breakfast at 6.30. 16. I ___ at home all weekend. ( stay) 17. Angela ___ to the cinema last night. (go) Mia Phạm Page 12
13. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 18. My friends ___ a great time in Nha Trang last year. (have) 19. My vacation in Hue ___ wonderful. (be) 20. Last summer I ___ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit) 21. My parents ___ very tired after the trip. ( be) 22. I ___ a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy) 23. Lan and Mai ___ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium.(see) 24. Trung ___ chicken and rice for dinner. (eat) 25. They ___ about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk) 26. Phuong ___ to Hanoi yesterday. (return) 27. We ___ the food was delicious.(think) V. Viết lạ câu sau, chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn. 1. I/ go swimming/ yesterday. => 2. Mrs. Nhung/ wash/ the dishes. => 3. my mother/ go shopping/ with/ friends/ in/ park. => 4. Lan/ cook/ chicken noodles/ dinner. => 5. Nam/ I/ study/ hard/ last weekend. => 6. my father/ play/ golf/ yesterday. => 7. last night/ Phong/listen/ music/ for two hours. => 8. they/ have/ nice/ weekend. => 9. she/ go/ supermarket yesterday. => Mia Phạm Page 13
14. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 10. We/ not go/ school last week. => Bài tập luyện thêm I. Use the Past form of the verbs: 1. Yesterday, I (go)___ to the restaurant with a client. 2. We (drive) ___ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space. 3. When we (arrive) ___ at the restaurant, the place (be) ___ full. 4. The waitress (ask) ___ us if we (have) reservations. 5. I (say), "No, my secretary forgets to make them." 6. The waitress (tell)___ us to come back in two hours. 7. My client and I slowly (walk) ___ back to the car. 8. Then we (see) ___ a small grocery store. 9. We (stop) in the grocery store and (buy) ___ some sandwiches. 10. That (be) ___ better than waiting for two hours. II. Complete the sentences using the past simple form of the verbs. 1. I ___ at home all weekend. (stay) 2. Angela ___ to the cinema last night. (go) 3. My friends ___ a great time in Nha Trang last year. (have) 4. My vacation in Hue ___ wonderful. (be) 5. Last summer I ___ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit) 6. My parents ___ very tired after the trip. (be) 7. I ___ a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy) 8. Lan and Mai ___ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium. (see) 9. Trung ___ chicken and rice for dinner. (eat) 10. They ___ about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk) 11. Phuong ___ to Hanoi yesterday. (return) 12. We ___ the food was delicious.(think) 13. Yesterday, I (go)___ to the restaurant with a client. 14. We (drive) ___ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space. 15. When we (arrive) ___ at the restaurant, the place (be) ___ full. 16. The waitress (ask) ___ us if we (have) reservations. 17. I (say), "No, my secretary forgets to make them." 18. The waitress (tell)___ us to come back in two hours. 19. My client and I slowly (walk) ___ back to the car. 20. Then we (see) ___ a small grocery store. 21. We (stop) in the grocery store and (buy) ___ some sandwiches. 22. That (be) ___ better than waiting for two hours. 23. I (not go) ___ to school last Sunday. 24. She (get) ___ married last year? 25. What you (do) ___ last night? - I (do) ___ my homework. 26. I (love) ___ him but no more. 27. Yesterday, I (get) ___ up at 6 and (have) ___ breakfast at 6. 30. Mia Phạm Page 14
15. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 28. They (buy) that house last year. 29. She (not go) to school yesterday. 30. That boy (have) some eggs last night. III. Write complete sentences. Use the past simple of the verbs. 1. I/ go swimming/ yesterday. => 2. Mrs. Nhung/ wash/ the dishes. => 3. my mother/ go shopping/ with/ friends/ in/ park. => 4. Lan/ cook/ chicken noodles/ dinner. => 5. Nam/ I/ study/ hard/ last weekend. => 6. my father/ play/ golf/ yesterday. => 7. last night/ Phong/listen/ music/ for two hours. => 8. they/ have/ nice/ weekend. => 9. she/ go/ supermarket yesterday. => 10. We/ not go/ school last week. => IV. Simple Past: 1. She (spend) ___ all her money last week. 2. Mum (not spend) ___ any money on herself. 3. I (lend) ___ my penknife to someone, but I can't remember who it was now. 4. John and his father (build) ___ the cabin themselves last year. 5. My parents (sell) ___ the stereo at a garage sale. 6. ___You (tell) ___ anyone about this yesterday? 7. The unidentified plant (bear) ___ gorgeous flowers. 8. She (tear) ___ the letter to pieces and threw it in the bin. 9. He often (wear) ___ glasses for reading. 10. Before God He (swear) ___ he was innocent 11. Yesterday Clouds (creep) ___ across the horizon, just above the line of trees. 12. We both (sleep) ___ badly that night. 13. She (weep) ___ for the loss of her mother. 14. Jane (keep) ___ the engine running. 15. A huge wave (sweep) ___ over the deck 16. Mum (pay) ___ for my driving lessons. 17. He (lay) ___ his hand on my shoulder. 18. He (break) ___ the biscuit in half and handed one piece to me. 19. He (choose) ___ his words carefully as he (speak) ___. 20. He to the zoo last Sunday (go) 21. She (not/ watch) TV last night Mia Phạm Page 15
16. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 22. They (meet) their friends at the movie theater last week 23. What you (do) last night 24. they (buy) a new car two days ago? 25. We (have) a lot of homework yesterday. V. Use the Past form of the verbs: 1- I (be) a student 2 years ago. 2- He (be) a doctor two years ago. 3- They (be) farmers last year. 4- Lan and Ba (be) nurses last year. 5- It (be not) cold yesterday. 6- She (be not) a pupil last week. 7- This hat (be not) new yesterday. 8- My parents (be not) teachers two years ago. 9- He (be not) a mechanic last Monday. 10- (Be) he an engineer yesterday. No, he (be not) 11- (Be) It hot last week? 12- The windows (be) open last Monday. 13- (Be) you a teacher two years ago? Yes, I (be) 14- Where (be) Nam from yesterday? 15- Why (be) he unhappy last Tuesday? 16. I (remember) your trip to Nha Trang two years ago. 17. Ba (wear) the cap all day yesterday. 18. I (eat) a lot of fish yesterday. 19. Her aunt (take) her to see Cham Temple last year. 20. Tuan (have) a new bike yesterday. 21. She (not buy) a new ruler yesterday. 22. He (not talk) with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year. 23. They (not come) school yesterday? 24. The windows (not close) yesterday? 25. We (not return) at home at 7 pm last Monday. 26. She (not eat) fish and crab yesterday. 27. Lan (not go) Ho Chi Minh city two years ago. 28. My parents (not take) to Vung Tau last week. 29. We (not have) a lot of friends in Ha Noi. 30. Lan and Hoa (be) your school two years ago? 31. What they (play) last week? 32. What Hoa (try) on yesterday? 33. Who (talk) to about the film on TV last Monday? 34. Where they (stop) on their way back last Sunday? 35. What the student (wear) at school two years ago? 36. Where you (put) the cake yesterday? 37. What time you (leave) home for school yesterday? 38. What Ba (receive) from Liz last week? 39. How long he (do) this hat yesterday? 40. What time you (go) to bed last night? 41. You (go) to Dalat for last tet vacation/ Mia Phạm Page 16
17. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 42. He (have) a lot of friends in Ho Chi Minh city 3 years ago? 43. His uncle (take) him to see Tri Nguyen aquarium last week? 44. Liz (buy) a lot of souvenirs yesterday? 45. They (put) the fish in the big bag last Sunday? 46. They (eat) meat in her meals in Vung Tau yesterday? 47. I(wear) the cap with a dolphin om it yesterday/ 48. Liz (teach) Ba some English last week/ 49. Bad and Tan (remember) their trip to Nha Trang last month? 50. Nam (return) to Ha Noi last week? 51. I (go) to Ben Thanh market last Monday 52. He (get) up at 7 o’clock yesterday. 53. What time you (go) to bed last night? 54. She ( not go) to work last weekend. 55. Lan (meet) her at the party 3 years ago. 56. Last summer vacation, Mom (not buy) me a new buy? 57. When he (leave) for work last week. 58. What you (do) yesterday? 59. We (begin) to learn English 3 years ago. 60. She (be) an engineer last week. 61. Lan (be not) at home yesterday. 62. He (wear) the shirt last week. 63. They (be ) here yesterday. 64. You (go) to school yesterday? 65. Tam (be) at home last night? – Yes, he (be). 66. Where he (go) yesterday? 67. I (be) sick last night. 68. Why you (not come ) to class yesterday? 69. We (be) in the library yesterday. 70. Hoa (buy) a lot of things for her birthday party. 71. What time you (leave) home for school yesterday? 2.2 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: A, Định nghĩa thì hiện tại hoàn thành Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (the present perfect tense) dùng để diễn tả về một hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không bàn về thời gian diễn ra nó B. Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành Cách dùng Ví dụ Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới I’ve done all my homeworks ( Tôi đã làm hết thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề bài tập về nhà ) cập tới nó xảy ra khi nào. Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và They’ve been married for nearly Fifty years ( Mia Phạm Page 17
18. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại Họ đã kết hôn được 50 năm. ) She has lived in Liverpool all her life ( Cố ấy đã sống cả đời ở Liverpool. ) He has written three books and he is working Hành động đã từng làm trước on another book (Anh ấy đã viết được 3 cuốn đây và bây giờ vẫn còn làm sách và đang viết cuốn tiếp theo ) Một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời My last birthday was the worst day I’ve ever điểm hiện tại (thường dùng trạng had ( Sinh nhật năm ngoái là ngày tệ nhất đời từ ever ) tôi. ) Về một hành động trong quá khứ I can’t get my house. I’ve lost my keys.( Tôi nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm không thể vào nhà được. Tôi đánh mất chùm nói chìa khóa của mình rồi ) C. Công thức thì hiện hoàn thành Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + have/ has + S + haven’t/ hasn’t + Have/ Has + S + Vpp(V3/ed) Vpp(V3/ed) Vpp(V3/ed) ? CHÚ Ý: CHÚ Ý: CHÚ Ý: – S = I/ We/ You/ – haven’t = have not Yes, I/ we/ you/ they + have. - They + have Yes, he/ she/ it + has. – hasn’t = has not – S = He/ She/ It + Ví dụ: has Ví dụ: Have you ever travelled to Ví dụ: – We haven’t America? (Bạn đã từng du lịch met each other for a tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?) – It has rained for 2 long time. (Chúng tôi days. (Trời mưa 2 không gặp nhau trong Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t. ngày rồi.) một thời gian dài rồi.) – Has she arrived London yet? – They have – He hasn’t come back (Cô ấy đã tới Luân Đôn chưa?) worked for this his hometown since company for 10 1991. (Anh ấy không Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t. years. (Họ làm việc quay trở lại quê hương Mia Phạm Page 18
19. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản cho công ty này 10 của mình từ năm năm rồi.) 1991.) D. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì hiện tại hoàn thành just, recently, lately: gần for + N – quãng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a đây, vừa mới year, for a long time, ) already: rồi since + N – mốc/điểm thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since June, ) before: trước đây yet: chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi) ever: đã từng so far = until now = up to now = up to the never: chưa từng, không bao present: cho đến bây giờ giờ 6. Bài tập vận dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành A. Phân biệt Since vs For Điền vào chỗ trống từ since hoặc for a) 1.Marry hasn’t seen her friend 2 years. 2.Hannah has lived in New York 1998. 3.Paula has lived in Milan ten years. 4.Ken has been looking for a job he left school. 5. she wanted to pass her exam, she decided to study well. 6.Grace has learned English 2 years. 7.Bee has sold motorcycles 8 years. 8.She has been a nurse July. 9.We have known each other . 2006 10.Vicky has only had that camera . three days. 11.She has drived . 1 month. 12. she knew French, I asked her to translate it. 13.I'm tired of waiting. We've been sitting here an hour. 14.I haven't been to a party ages 15.I wonder where Joe is. I haven't seen him last week. 16.Jane is away. She's been away Friday. Mia Phạm Page 19
20. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 17.The weather is dry. It hasn't rained a few weeks. 18.I have danced I was a child Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. She already ( watch) this movie. 2. He (write) his report yet? 3. We (travel) to New York lately. 4. They (not give) his decision yet. 5. Tracy ( not see) her friend for 2 years. 6. I (be) to London three times. 7. It (rain) since I stopped my work. 8. This is the second time I (meet) him. 9. They (walk) for more than 2 hours. 10. You (get) married yet? Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1. There is no more cheese. I (eat) . it all, I’m afraid. 2. The bill isn’t right. They (make) a mistake. 3. Don’t you want to see this programme? It .(start). 4. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn) the heating on. 5. They (pay) money for your mother? 6. Someone (take) . my bicycle. 7. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish) . my dinner. 8. You ever (eat) Sushi? 9. She (not/come) here for a long time. 10. I (work ) here for three years. 11. You ever (be) to New York? 12. You (not/do) .your project yet, I suppose. 13. I just (see) . Andrew and he says he already (do) . about half of the plan. 14. I just (decide) to start working next week. 15. He (be) . at his computer for seven hours. 16. She (not/have) any fun a long time. 17. My father (not/ play) any sport since last year. 18. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have) . one since Thursday. 19. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see) . each other for five years. 20. I just (realize) that there are only four weeks to the end of term. 21. The train drivers (go) on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock. 22. How long (you/know) . each other? 23. .(You/ take) many photographs? 24. (She/ eat) . at the Royal Hotel yet? 25. He (live) .here all his life 26. Is this the second time he (lose) . his job? 27. How many bottles the milkman (leave) .? He (leave) six. 28. I (buy) . a new carpet. Come and look at it. 29. She (write) three poems about her fatherland. Mia Phạm Page 20
21. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 30. We (finish) three English courses. BÀI TẬP VỀ THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VÀ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN 1) The police two people early this morning. (arrest) 2) She Japan but now she back. (go - come) 3) Dan two tablets this year. (already/ buy) 4) How many games so far this season? (your team/ win) 5) the CN Tower when you in Toronto? (you/ visit - stay) 6) your homework yet? – Yes, I it an hour ago. (you/ do - finish) 7) There an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be) 8) I Peter since I last Tuesday. (not/ see - arrive) 9) Frank his bike last May. So he it for 4 months. (get - have) 10) I'm sorry, I earlier, but I a lot lately. (not/ write - work) II. HOÀN THÀNH CÂU 1. The floor looks dirty. I'm sure you (not clean up)___ 2. (you/ enjoy) ___ the party last night? 3. My bicycle isn't here. I think someone (just take) it. 4. They (know) each other since they were children. 5. He was late yesterday because he (be) stuck in the traffic jam. 6. I (be) a member of this non-profit organization since 1996. 7. Last month I (feel) happy when I cooked a meal for the elderly at a nursing home. 8. She (make) many new friends since she joined this English club. 9. Dan (already/buy) two tablets this year. 10. How many games so far this season? (your team/ win) 11. I Peter since I last Tuesday. (not/ see - arrive) 12. Frank his bike last May. So he it for 4 months. (get - thave) 13. I my keys, so I can't open that door. (lose) 14. Columbus in the New World in 1492. ( arrive) 15. Nina her leg. She is still in hospital. ( break) 16. He here all his life. (live) 17. Colin for Brazil this morning. ( leave) 18. Last winter Robin with his father in the Alps for three days. ( stay) 19. Ellen with her left hand. (always/ write) 20. she a language course in Paris last summer. ( do) 21. anyone yet? ( phone) 22. Martin for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago. ( cycle) 2.3 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác và cả hai hành động này đều đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn. Mia Phạm Page 21
22. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành Cách dùng Ví dụ I met them after they had divorced. (Tôi gặp họ sau khi họ ly dị.) Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen Khi hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá two years before. (Lan nói rằng trước đó hai năm, khứ, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho cô ta từng được chọn làm hoa hậu.) hành động xảy ra trước và quá khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra sau. An idea occurred to him that she herself had helped him very much in the everyday life. (Hắn chợt nghĩ ra rằng chính cô ta đã giúp hắn rất nhiều trong cuộc sống hằng ngày.) Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một We had had lunch when she arrived. (Khi cô ấy thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một đến chúng tôi đã ăn trưa xong.) hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ. No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he was ordered to pack his bags.(Anh ta mới đi xa về thì lại được lệnh cuốn gói ra đi.) Khi thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường được dùng kết hợp với thì quá khứ đơn, ta When I arrived John had gone away.(Khi tôi đến thường dùng kèm với các giới từ và liên thì John đã đi rồi.) từ như: by (có nghĩa như before), before, after, when, till, until, as soon as, no Yesterday, I went out after I had finished my sooner than homework. (Hôm qua, tôi đi chơi sau khi tôi đã làm xong bài tập.) I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác Tom had lost twenty pounds and could begin anew. Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều If I had known that, I would have acted Mia Phạm Page 22
23. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản kiện không có thực differently. She would have come to the party if she had been invited. I had lived abroad for twenty years when I Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời received the transfer. gian trong quá khứ, trước 1 mốc thời gian khác Jane had studied in England before she did her master’s at Harvard. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + hadn’t + VpII S + had + VpII CHÚ Ý: Had + S + VpII ? Ví dụ: – hadn’t = had not Trả lời: Yes, S + had. – He had gone out when I Ví dụ: came into the house. (Anh No, S + hadn’t. ấy đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi – She hadn’t vào nhà.) come home when I got Ví dụ: there. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa – They had finished their về nhà khi tôi về.) – Had the film ended when you arrived work right before the at the cinema? (Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi deadline last week .(Họ đã – They hadn’t bạn tới rạp chiếu phim phải không?) hoàn thành công việc của finished their lunch họ ngay trước hạn chót when I saw them. (Họ Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t vào tuần trước.) vẫn chưa ăn xong bữa trưa khi trông thấy họ). Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành Trong câu có các từ: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past Mia Phạm Page 23
24. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản – when: Khi Ví dụ: When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off. (Khi họ tới sân bay, chuyến bay của cô ấy đã cất cánh.) – before: trước khi (Trước “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.) Ví dụ: She had done her homework before her mother asked her to do so. (Cô ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà trước khi mẹ cô ấy yêu cầu cô ấy làm như vậy.) – After: sau khi (Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.) Ví dụ: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. (Họ về nhà sau khi đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.) – by the time (vào thời điểm) Ví dụ: He had cleaned the house by the time her mother came back. (Cậu ấy đã lau xong nhà vào thời điểm mẹ cậu ấy trở về.) Bài tập VẬN DỤNG Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. When Hoa arrived at the theater, the film ___(start). 2. He ___ (live) in Laos before He went to Vietnam. 3. After Lan ___ (eat) the cake, Lan began to feel sick. 4. If he ___ (listen) to me, he would have got the job. 5. Linh didn’t arrive until I ___ (leave). 6. After they ___ (finish) lunch, they went out. 7. The tree was dead because it ___ (be) arid all summer. 8. I ___ (meet) him somewhere before. 9. They were late for the flight because they ___ (forget) their passports. 10. Linh told me she ___ (study) a lot before the exam. 11. The leaf was yellow because it ___ (not/rain) all summer. 12. The lamp went off because I ___ (not/pay) the electricity bill. 13. Hoa___ (not/do) her homework, so she was in trouble. 14. She ___ (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant. 15. I couldn’t go into the cinema because I ___ (not/bring) my tickets 16. He said that He ___ (not/visit) the US before 17. Hoa and Lan ___ (not/meet) before the exam. Mia Phạm Page 24
25. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 18. I ___ (not/have) lunch when she arrived. 19. She ___ (not/use) smartphone before, so I showed her how to use it. 20. Linh ___ (not/study) for the exam, so she was very anxious. PART 2: 1. They (come) back home after they (finish) their work. 2. She said that she ( meet) . Mr. Bean before. 3. Before he (go) to bed, he (read) a novel. 4. He told me he (not/wear) such kind of clothes before. 5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) . 6. Before she (listen) to music, she (do) . homework. 7. Last night, Peter (go) to the supermarket before he (go) home. 8. After taking a bath, he (go) to bed. 9 He told me he (not/eat) such kind of food before. 10. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) . 11.Before she (watch) TV, she (do) . homework. 12.What (be) he when he (be) . young? 13.After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest) 14.Yesterday, John (go) to the store before he (go) home. 15. She (win) . the gold medal in 1986. 16. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970. 17. Alan (have) .hardly(prepare) for dinner when her husband (go) home 18. No sooner (have) .I (watch) . TV than the phone (ring) 19. Before I (watch) TV, I (do) my homework. 20. After I (wash) .my clothes, I (sleep) 21. “ It is the first time I have eaten sushi” , said Bill. → Bill said it (be) the first time he (eat) sushi. 22. “ I broke my glasses yesterday”, said Lan. → Lan said that she (break) her glasses the day before. 23. I couldn’t attend the evening classes because I worked at night. → If I (not work) at night, I (attend) the evening classes. 24. I didn’t have a laptop so I wish I (have) . a laptop. Mia Phạm Page 25
26. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 25. You didn’t stay home. I would rather you (stay) home. Bài tập về tổng hợp QKD-HTHT-QKHT Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect. 1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) . that film before. 2. I suddenly (remember) that I . (forget) my keys. 3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) it. 4. (Have/you/put) . Off the fire before you (go) out. 5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) for a long time. 6. I thanked her for everything she (do) for me. 7. When I got to the office, I (realize) I (forget) . to lock the door 8. Who is that woman? I (never seen) her before. 9. Tom was not at home when I (arrive) . He (just go) out. 10. She said it (be) the first time she (meet) such a man. Thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành: 1. Almost everybody (leave) . by the time we (arrive) 2. He (wonder) . whether he (leave) . his wallet at home. 3. The secretary (not leave) . until she (finish) . her work. The couple scarcely (enter) . the house when they (begin) . to argue. 4. The teacher (ask) . the boy why he (not do) . his homework. 5. She already (post) . the letter when she (realize) . she (send) . it to the wrong address. 6. Hardly the car (go) a mile when it (have) . a flat tyre. 7. The weather (be) . far worse than we (expect) 8. They (be married) . for five years when thy finally (have) . a child. 9. No sooner they (sell) . their car than they (regret) . having done so. 10. When she (finish) . her work she (go) . to the cinema. 11. He (not eat) . until his parents (come) . home. 12. She (tell) . she never (meet) . him. 13. He (do) . her homework before he ( go) . out. 14. The lights (go) . out the moment he (get) . into the cinema. 15. Hardly the holiday (begin) . when they (leave) . the town. 16. They (be) . out for an hour when it (start) . to rain. 17. They (leave) . the shop as soon as they (buy) . everything they (need) 18. The house (burn) . to the ground buy the time the firemen (arrive) 19. As he (do) . a lot of work that day he (be) . very tired. 20. I already (hear) . about the accident when he (tell) . me about it. 21. He (live) . in the country for ten years when he first Mia Phạm Page 26
27. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản (come) . to London. 22. I (not talk) . to him because when I (arrive) . he already (leave) 23. When we (go) . out again, the wind (stop) 24. He (think) . he (win) . in the lottery but he (not have) . of course. 25. No sooner the bell (ring) . when the pupils (go) . out to play. 26. Before you (mention) . his name, I never (hear) . of this poet. 27. Our guests (be) . still here when he (come) . back from school. 28. The same day he (arrive) . I (receive) . a postcard from him. 29. They just (close) . the shop when I (get) . there. 30. When the policeman (blow) . his whistle the driver (stop) . the car. III. Viết lại câu dựa vào những từ cho sẵn. 1. David had gone home before we arrived. => After . 2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops. => Before 3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office. => When . 4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work. => By the time . 5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home. => Before . CHUYÊN MỤC QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous Tense) dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh diễn biến hay quá trình của sự vật hay sự việc hoặc thời gian sự vật hay sự việc đó diễn ra Cách dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Cách dùng Ví dụ Diễn đạt hành động đang When my sister got there, it was 8 p.m. ( Khi chị tôi xảy ra tại một thời điểm tới, lúc đó mới 8 giờ tối.) trong quá khứ While I was taking a bath, she was using the Diễn đạt hai hành động computer.( Trong khi tôi đang tắm thì cô ấy dùng xảy ra đồng thời trong máy tính.) quá khứ While I was driving home, Peter was trying desperately to contact me. (Peter đã cố gắng liên lạc Mia Phạm Page 27
28. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản với tôi trong lúc tôi đang lái xe về nhà.) I was listening to the news when she phoned.( Tôi đang nghe tin tức thì cô ấy gọi tới. ) I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over. Diễn đạt hành động đang (Khi tôi đang đi trên đường thì bỗng nhiên tôi bị vấp xảy ra thì có hành động ngã.) khác xen vào They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them. (Khi tôi nói chuyện với họ thì họ vẫn đang chờ máy bay.) When he worked here, he was always making noise (Khi anh ta còn làm việc ở đây, anh ta thường xuyên làm ồn) Hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ và làm My mom was always complaining about my room phiền đến người khác when she got there (Mẹ tôi luôn than phiền về phòng tôi khi bà ấy ở đó) She was always singing all day. (Cô ta hát suốt ngày) Công thức thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + was/were + V-ing (+ S + was/were + not + V- (Từ để hỏi) + was/were O) ing (+ O) + S + V-ing (+ O)? Ví dụ: Ví dụ: Ví dụ: I was thinking about him I wasn’t thinking about Were you thinking about last night. him last night. him last night? We were just talking We were not talking What were you just about it before you about it before you talking about before I arrived. arrived. arrived? Mia Phạm Page 28
29. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ kèm theo thời điểm xác định. – at + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ (at 12 o’clock last night, ) – at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ. (at this time two weeks ago, ) – in + năm (in 2000, in 2005) – in the past (trong quá khứ) + Trong câu có “when” khi diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và một hành động khác xen vào. Ngoài việc dựa vào cách dùng của thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn, ngữ cảnh của câu thì các bạn cũng hãy cân nhắc sử dụng thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn khi có xuất hiện các từ như: While (trong khi); When (Khi); at that time (vào thời điểm đó); Bài tập Vận dụng Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. 1. At this time last year, they (build) this house. 2. I (drive) my car very fast when you called me. 3. I (chat) with my friends while my teacher (teach) the lesson yesterday. 4. My father (watch) TV when I got home. 5. At this time yesterday, I (prepare) for my son’s birthday party. 6. What you (do) at 8 pm yesterday? 7. Where you (go) when I saw you last weekend? 8. They (not go) to school when I met them yesterday. 9. My mother (not do) the housework when my father came home. 10. My sister (read) books while my brother (play) football yesterday afternoon. PART 2:Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Mia Phạm Page 29
30. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 1. I ___down the street when it begin to rain (go) 2. At this time last year, I ___an English course (attend) 3. Jim ___ under the tree when he heard an explosion (stand) 4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he ___ a bicycle (ride) 5. When we met them last year, they___ in Santiago (live) 6. The tourist lost his camera while he___ around the city (walk) 7. The lorry ___ very fast when it hit our car (go) 8. While I ___in my room, my roommate ___ a party in the other room (study/ have) 9. Mary and I___ the house when the telephone rang (just leave) 10. We ___ in the café when they saw us (sit) * Exercise 3: Put the verb into the correct form: Past simple and past continuous. 1, The Chinese ships .(tresspass) 80 miles into Vietnamese sea on the May 26. 2, When I (get) home, they (watch) TV, they (not/do) their homework. 3, What Ha (do) at 6.30 this morning ? - She (swim). 4, She (listen) to music when the phone .(ring) 5, We (study) unit 18 at this time last week. 6, I .(not/visit) Ha Long Bay last year, because I (be) busy 7, The train (leave) the station yesterday afternoon. 8, My parents .(have) dinner by the time I .(get) home yesterday. 9, Bill Gate .(not/earn) $ 300 in 2005, he .(earn) $ 175. 10, Where .you .(meet) Tom this morning ? - I (meet) him in front of the school library and he (not/look) cheerful as usual CHUYÊN MỤC VỀ THÌ TƯƠNG LAI I. Thì Tương lai đơn và tương lai gần 1.Cấu trúc mẫu câu: Tương lai đơn Tương lai gần Động từ “to be” Động từ “ to be” S+ will/shall+ be+ adj/noun S+be going to+be+adj/noun Ex: She will be a good mother. Ex: She is going to be a doctor this Động từ thường: month. S+will/shall+V-infinitive Động từ thường: Ex: We will go to England next year. S + be going to + V-infinitive Ex: Where are you going to spend your holiday? Mia Phạm Page 30
31. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 2. Chức năng: Thì tương lai đơn Thì tương lai gần 1. Diễn đạt một quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói (On-the-spot decision) Ex: 1. Diễn đạt một kế hoạch, dự định George phoned while you were out. OK. (intention, plan) I’ll phone him back Ex: 2. Diễn đạt lời dự đoán không có căn cứ We’re going to see my mother Ex: tomorrow. - Who do you think will get the job? 2. Diễn đạt một lời dự đoán dựa vào 3. Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 1 bằng chứng (evidence) ở hiện tại 4. Diễn tả một gợi ý Ex: What will we do now? The sky is very black. It is going to rain 5.Diễn tả một lời đề nghị 3. Signal words: Ex: Will you pls give me a cup of coffee? Những evidence ở hiện tại. 6. Signal Words: I think; I don't think; I am afraid; I am sure that; I fear that; perhaps; probably Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. I love London. I (probably / go) there next year. 2. What (wear / you) at the party tonight? 3. I haven't made up my mind yet. But I think I (find) something nice in my mum's wardrobe. 4. I completely forget about this. Give me a moment, I (do) it now. 5. Tonight, I (stay) home. I've rented a video. 6. I feel dreadful. I (be) sick. 7. If you have any problem, I (help) you. 8. The weatherforcast says it (not/ rain) tomorrrow Mia Phạm Page 31
32. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 9. I promise that I (not/ come) late. 10. Look at those clouds. It (rain) now. Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. I have bought two tickets. My wife and I ___ (see) a movie tonight. 2. Mary thinks Peter ___ (get) the job. 3. A: “I ___(move) from my house tomorrow. I have packed everything” B: “I ___ (come) and help you.” 4. If I have enough money, I ___ (buy) a new car. 5. I ___ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise. 6. The meeting ___ (take) place at 4 p.m. 7. If you eat all of that cake, you ___ (feel) sick. 8. They ___ (be) at home at 10 o'clock because their son is staying alone at home. 9. Perhaps she ___ (not / be) able to come tomorrow. 10. Because of the train delay, the meeting ___(not / take) place at 10 o'clock. 11. If it rains, they ___ (not / go) to the seaside. Mia Phạm Page 32
33. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 12. In my opinion, she ___ (fail) the exam. 13. He ___ ( sell) the car if he doesn’t have enough money to build a new house. 14. She is very tired, she ___ (take) a rest. 15. According to the weather forecast, it ___ (not / rain) this weekend. 16. If you lose your job, what ___ (you / do)? 17. In your opinion, ___ (she / be) a good teacher? 18. What time ___ (the sun / set) today? 19. Do you think she ___ ( get) the money from her boss? 20. ___(you/ take) the children to the cinema this weekend? I have seen some tickets on the table 2. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN VÀ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH Phân biệt thì tương lai tiếp diễn và tương lai hoàn thành qua bảng sau Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai hoàn thành 1. Về cấu trúc: Với S là chủ ngữ, V là động từ, PII là động từ ở dạng phân từ II S + will + be + V-ing S + will + have + PII 2. Về chức năng, cách dùng Diễn đạt một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một một hành động khác trong tương lai hoặc sẽ thời điểm xác định trong tương lai. hoàn thành trước mốc thời gian xác định trong tương lai. 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Nhận biết qua các từ – Before + future time (before next Sunday, before 9 a.m. tomorrow, ) At this time tomorrow (giờ này ngày mai), at – Các cụm từ đi kèm với “by” this moment next year (tầm này năm sau), at + By + mốc thời gian (by the end of , by present next friday (tầm này thứ sáu tuần sau), tomorrow) at 2 p.m. tomorrow (lúc 2 giờ chiều mai), + By then + By the time Mia Phạm Page 33
34. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản Ví dụ: We will be going on a trip to Dalas at this Will you have visited your relatives before time next Sunday. (Tầm này chủ nhật tuần sau the summer vacation? (Bạn sẽ thăm họ hàng thì chúng tôi đang có chuyến đi tới Dalas rồi.) trước kỳ nghỉ hè chứ?) She will be waiting for me when I arrive at 2 I will not have finished my work before the p.m. tomorrow. (Khi tôi đến vào 2 giờ chiều time you come tomorrow. (Ngày mai khi cậu mai thì cô ấy sẽ đang đợi tôi.) tới thì tôi vẫn sẽ chưa làm việc xong đâu.) Bài tập vận dụng của thì tương lai tiếp diễn Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. They are staying at the hotel in London. At this time tomorrow, they (travel) in Vietnam. 2. When they (come) tomorrow, we (swim) in the sea. 3. My parents (visit) Europe at this time next week 4. Daisy (sit) on the plane at 9 am tomorrow. 5. At 8 o’clock this evening my friends and I (watch) a famous film at the cinema. 6. She (play) with her son at 7 o’clock tonight. 7. He (work) at this moment tomorrow. 8. They (make) their presentation at this time tomorrow morning. Bài 2: Complete these sentences using the future continuous tense. 1. This time next year I (live)___ in London. 2. At 8PM tonight I (eat)___ dinner with my family. 3. They (run)___ for about four hours. Marathons are incredibly difficult! 4. Unfortunately, I (work)___ on my essay so I won’t be able to watch the match. 5. She (study)___ at the library tonight. 6. (you/wait)___ at the station when she arrives? 7. I (drink)___ at the pub while you are taking your exam! 8. (she/visit)___ her Grandmother again this week? 9. At 3PM I (watch)___ that movie on channel four. 10. (they/attend)___ your concert next Friday? It would be lovely to see them. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CỦA THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH I. Hoàn thành câu 1. By 10 pm tonight, I ___(finish) this report. 2. By 10 pm tonight, we ___ (have) dinner. 3. By 10 pm tonight, she ___ (leave) Paris. 4. By 10 pm tonight, John ___ (meet) Lucy. 5. By 10 pm tonight, they ___ (take) the exam. 6. By 10 pm tonight, it ___ (stop) snowing. Mia Phạm Page 34
35. Ngữ pháp Toiec căn bản 7. By 10 pm tonight, I ___ (read) all of this book. 8. By 10 pm tonight, you ___ (fall) asleep. 9. By 10 pm tonight, she ___ (watch) the film. 10. By 10 pm tonight, he ___ (arrive). II. Hoàn thành câu 1. Anne ___ her bike next week. (to repair) 2. We ___ the washing by 8 o’clock. (to do) 3. She ___ Paris by the end of next year. (to visit) 4. I ___ this by 6 o’clock. (to finish) 5. Sam ___ by next week. (to leave) 6. She ___ this with her mother tonight. (to discuss) 7. The police ___ the driver. (to arrest) 8. They ___ their essay by tomorrow. (to write) 9. Paolo ___ the teams. (to manage) 10. If we can do that – then we ___ our mission. (to fulfil) Mia Phạm Page 35